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From Illustrations in German Translations of Mark Twain's Works

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==== Working with the Database ====
{{Seitenkopf|Working with the Database}}
Browsing the collection for a first impression works best by visiting the [[Overview|overview page]] and then either leafing through one edition at a time or approaching multiple editions chapter by chapter. Knowledge of the tags and abbreviations is helpful but not required for this approach.
__NOTOC__


For specific search queries, the [[Introduction#Sortable Catalog|sortable catalog]] or the [[Introduction#Comparison Tool|comparison tool]] can be used. We highly recommend reading the paragraphs below before using those tools. Knowing what the image descriptions contain, what the abbreviations stand for and what the different tools are capable of, helps unlock the full potential of the research tools provided on this website.
<html>
<div class="project-layout">


  <!-- Sidebar TOC -->
  <nav class="project-toc">
    <p class="project-toc__title">Contents</p>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#working-with-db">Working with the Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="#image-descriptions">Image Descriptions</a></li>
      <li><a href="#abbreviations">Abbreviations</a>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#ids">IDs</a></li>
          <li><a href="#tags">Tags</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>
      <li><a href="#tools">Tools</a>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#sortable-catalog">Sortable Catalog</a></li>
          <li><a href="#comparison-tool">Comparison Tool</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </nav>


  <!-- Hauptinhalt -->
  <div class="project-content">


===== <u>Image Descriptions</u> =====
    <span id="working-with-db" class="anchor-hidden"></span>


</br>Each picture uploaded to this database contains the following information:<blockquote>'''Title -''' In some editions the illustrations include a title. If no title was added by the publisher, we either assigned a descriptive title or, when applicable, used a title from an older illustration that bears resemblence to the illustration in question.  
    <p>Browsing the collection for a first impression works best by visiting the
</html>
[[Overview|overview page]]
<html>
and then either leafing through one edition at a time or approaching multiple editions chapter by chapter. Knowledge of the tags and abbreviations is helpful but not required for this approach.</p>


'''ID -''' For structuring purposes, each image was assigned a shorthand ID consisting of the illustrators name, the year, the chapter and the illustration number. (see: [[Introduction#IDs|IDs]])
    <p>For specific search queries, the
</html>
[[Guide#sortable-catalog|sortable catalog]]
<html>
or the
</html>
[[Guide#comparison-tool|comparison tool]]
<html>
can be used. We highly recommend reading the paragraphs below before using those tools. Knowing what the image descriptions contain, what the abbreviations stand for, and what the different tools are capable of helps unlock the full potential of the research tools provided on this website.</p>


'''Book -''' The (German) title of the publication the illustration appears in.
    <h3 id="image-descriptions"><u>Image Descriptions</u></h3>


'''Year -''' The year of publication.
    <p>Each picture uploaded to this database contains the following information:</p>


'''Illustrator -''' "Last name, first name" of the illustrator.  
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote">
      <p><strong>Title –</strong> In some editions the illustrations include a title. If no title was added by the publisher, we either assigned a descriptive title or, when applicable, used a title from an older illustration that bears resemblance to the illustration in question.</p>
      <p><strong>ID –</strong> For structuring purposes, each image was assigned a shorthand ID consisting of the illustrator's name, the year, the chapter, and the illustration number. (see: <a href="#ids">IDs</a>)</p>
      <p><strong>Book –</strong> The (German) title of the publication the illustration appears in.</p>
      <p><strong>Year –</strong> The year of publication.</p>
      <p><strong>Illustrator –</strong> "Last name, first name" of the illustrator.</p>
      <p><strong>Original Chapter</strong> and <strong>Chapter in this Edition –</strong> Sometimes, the chapter numbering in the German translations differs from the original edition. "Original chapter" refers to the structure of the 1884/1885 release of the novel and places the illustrated event within its corresponding chapter. "Chapter in this Edition" reflects the chapter numbering used in the German translation.</p>
      <p><strong>Illustration Number –</strong> Since chapters can include multiple illustrations, they are numbered in chronological order.</p>
      <p><strong>Tags –</strong> The contents of the illustrations are tagged and added to the description. (see: <a href="#tags">Tags</a>)</p>
    </blockquote>


'''Original Chapter''' and '''Chapter in this Edition -''' Sometimes, the chapter numbering in the German translations differs from the original edition. "Original chapter" refers to the structure of the 1884/1885 release of the novel and places the illustrated event within its corresponding chapter. "Chapter in this Edition" reflects the chapter numbering used in the German translation.
    <p><strong>Examples</strong></p>


'''Illustration Number -'''  Since chapters can include multiple illustrations, they are numbered in chronological order.
</html>


'''Tags''' '''-''' The contents of the illustrations are tagged and added to the description. (see: [[Introduction#Tags|Tags]])</blockquote>
In the [[Catalog|catalog]]:
[[File:ExampleStructure.png|center|frame|800px|Image Description in Catalog]]


'''Examples'''
When inspecting a file:
[[File:ExampleStructure2.png|center|frame|800px|Image Description on File Page]]


In the [[catalog]]:
<html>
[[File:ExampleStructure.png|center|frame|Image Description in Catalog]]
</br>When inspecting a file:
[[File:ExampleStructure2.png|center|thumb|534x534px|Image Description on File Page]]


    <h3 id="abbreviations"><u>Abbreviations</u></h3>


===== <u>Abbreviations</u> =====
    <p>This section explains the different abbreviations used in IDs and tags on this webpage. They are especially helpful when working with the <a href="#sortable-catalog">sortable catalog</a> or the <a href="#comparison-tool">comparison tool</a> to quickly filter the illustrations.</p>
This section explains the different abbreviations used in IDs and tags on this webpage. They are especially helpful, when working with the [[Introduction#Sortable Catalog|sortable catalog]] or the [[Introduction#Comparison Tool|comparison tool]] to quickly filter the illustrations.
</br>
====== <u>IDs</u> ======
IDs are uniquie identifiers and use the following structure:<blockquote>work_year_illustrator_originalchapter_illustrationnumber</blockquote>
For example  <blockquote>
"hf_1920_hir_ch043_ill1" </blockquote>
which would translate to <blockquote>
"''Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' / 1920 / Hirth, Edouard / Chapter 43 / Illustration # 1" </blockquote>


The following abbreviations were used in IDs to designate the different illustrators: <blockquote>
    <h4 id="ids"><u>IDs</u></h4>


kmb - Kemble, Edward W.
    <p>IDs are unique identifiers and use the following structure:</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote"><code>work_year_illustrator_originalchapter_illustrationnumber</code></blockquote>
    <p>For example:</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote"><code>hf_1920_hir_ch043_ill1</code></blockquote>
    <p>which would translate to:</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote"><i>Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</i> / 1920 / Hirth, Edouard / Chapter 43 / Illustration #1</blockquote>


schr - Schrödter, H. / Schroedter, H.  
    <p>The following abbreviations were used in IDs to designate the different illustrators:</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote">
      <table class="guide-abbrev-table">
        <tr><td><code>kmb</code></td><td>Kemble, Edward W.</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>schr</code></td><td>Schrödter, H. / Schroedter, H.</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>hir</code></td><td>Hirth, Edouard</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>tri</code></td><td>Trier, Walter</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>kel</code></td><td>Kellerer, Max</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>har</code></td><td>Harder-Khasán, Alexander</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>bus</code></td><td>Busoni, Rafaello</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>beb</code></td><td>Bebié, Irma Anita</td></tr>
      </table>
    </blockquote>


hir - Hirth, Edouard
    <p>Chapter numbers in the ID-string always consist of three digits and include a leading zero. Thus, chapters 1 through 9 are referred to as <code>00x</code> and chapters 10 through 43 as <code>0xx</code>. Illustrations that were not part of any chapter but appeared on covers, dustjackets, flyleaves and the like use the same structure except for "chapter" and "illustration number":</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote"><code>hf_1940_bus_flyleaf</code></blockquote>
    <p>is the ID of the flyleaf in the 1940 translation of <i>Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</i> illustrated by Rafaello Busoni.</p>


tri - Trier, Walter
    <h4 id="tags"><u>Tags</u></h4>


kel - Kellerer, Max
    <p>Tags are part of the image description and reflect who or what is seen in the illustration.</p>


har - Harder-Khasán, Alexander
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote">
      <table class="guide-tag-table">
        <tr><td>Huckleberry Finn:</td><td><code>-huck</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Jim:</td><td><code>-jim</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Tom Sawyer:</td><td><code>-tom</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Pap Finn:</td><td><code>-pap</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>The King:</td><td><code>-king</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>The Duke:</td><td><code>-duke</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Other Characters:</td><td><code>-sdc</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Female Characters:</td><td><code>-fem</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Black Characters (except Jim):</td><td><code>-aac</code></td></tr>
      </table>
      <br>
      <table class="guide-tag-table">
        <tr><td>A single person:</td><td><code>-1p</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Two characters:</td><td><code>-2p</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Three characters:</td><td><code>-3p</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Four or more characters:</td><td><code>-4p+</code></td></tr>
      </table>
      <br>
      <table class="guide-tag-table">
        <tr><td>An animal:</td><td><code>-animal</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>A scenery:</td><td><code>-scn</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>A boat:</td><td><code>-boat</code></td></tr>
      </table>
      <br>
      <table class="guide-tag-table">
        <tr><td>Drawing:</td><td><code>-drawing</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Grayscale:</td><td><code>-grayscale</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Color:</td><td><code>-color</code></td></tr>
      </table>
    </blockquote>


bus - Busoni, Rafaello
    <p>In cases where illustrations show events which were not part of the original story, the tag <code>-inv</code> is used to signal an "invented scene."</p>


beb - Bebié, Irma Anita 
    <h3 id="tools"><u>Tools</u></h3>
</blockquote>Chapter numbers in the ID-string always consist of three numbers and include a leading zero. Thus, chapters 1 through 9 are referred to as "00x" and chapters 10 through 43 are "0xx". Illustrations that were not part of any chapter but appeard on covers, dustjackets, flyleaves and the likes use the same structure as above except for "chapter" and "illustration number":<blockquote>"hf_1940_bus_flyleaf" </blockquote>is the ID of the flyleaf in the 1940 translation of ''Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' illustrated by Rafaello Busoni.
</br></br>
======  <u>Tags</u> ======
Tags are part of the image description and reflect who or what is seen in the illustration.  <blockquote>Huckleberry Finn: -'''huck'''


Jim: -'''jim'''
    <p>Two tools are featured on this website: the sortable catalog and the comparison tool. The <strong>sortable catalog</strong> allows users to filter and sort the catalog of illustrations and then inspect many images at once, while the <strong>comparison tool</strong> can be used to compare different sets of illustrations side by side.</p>


Tom Sawyer: -'''tom'''
    <h4 id="sortable-catalog"><u>Sortable Catalog</u></h4>


Pap Finn: -'''pap'''
    <p>The
</html>
[[Catalog|sortable catalog]]
<html>
is an interactive data table containing all illustrations and their descriptions. The entries can be filtered and sorted using the cells in the top row of the table. Multiple queries can be combined as shown in the example below.</p>


The King: -'''king'''
    <p>First, the search term <code>scn</code> is used to find all illustrations that include the tag <code>-scn</code> for "scenery":</p>


The Duke: -'''duke'''
</html>
[[File:ExampleCatalog1.png|center|frame|800px|Simple Filtering]]
<html>


Other Characters: -'''sdc'''
    <p>This search yields 26 illustrations. Now a second tag is entered. Only the illustrations that include the tags <code>-scn</code> and <code>-huck</code> are displayed:</p>


Female Characters: -'''fem'''
</html>
[[File:ExampleCatalog2.png|center|frame|800px|Combining Two Tags]]
<html>


Black Characters (except Jim): -'''aac'''
    <p>If one is only interested in scenic illustrations featuring Huckleberry Finn by Max Kellerer, the "Illustrator" column can be used to specify the search query:</p>
<br><br>
A single person: -'''1p'''


Two characters: -'''2p'''
</html>
[[File:ExampleCatalog3.png|center|frame|800px|Adding a Third Condition]]
<html>


Three characters: -'''3p'''
    <p>As shown in this example, filtering the table using the cells in the top row applies an intersectional logic. For more advanced logical combinations of search terms, the <strong>Custom Search Builder</strong> ("Add Condition") can be used. After combining as many logical conditions and search terms as desired, pressing the button "<strong>Search</strong>" in the bottom right corner will also filter the catalog accordingly.</p>


Four or more characters: -'''4p+'''
    <p>The filtered and sorted images can be inspected by hovering/clicking their IDs or by pressing the button "<strong>Load Gallery in New Tab</strong>", which opens a new tab displaying the relevant illustrations.</p>
<br><br>
An animal: -'''animal'''


A scenery: -'''scn'''
    <h4 id="comparison-tool"><u>Comparison Tool</u></h4>
<br>
A boat: -'''boat'''
</blockquote>Tags were also used to differentiate between drawings, gray-scale images and colored illustrations.<blockquote>-'''drawing'''


-'''grayscale'''
    <p>Filtering the catalog of the comparison tool works the same as filtering the sortable catalog. Instead of only generating a full-page gallery of the relevant illustrations, the
</html>
[[Comparison|comparison tool]]
<html>
also allows users to create two separate slideshows using different sets of illustrations which can then be compared side by side.</p>


-'''color'''
    <p>To showcase the comparison tool's functionality, the <strong>Custom Search Builder</strong> is used. The first search query finds all illustrations by Rafaello Busoni that feature the king, the duke, or both. Pressing the <strong>Search</strong> button filters the table and the button <strong>Generate Slideshow</strong> populates the gallery:</p>
</blockquote>In cases where ilustrations show events which were not part of the original story, the tag "-'''inv'''" is used to signal an "invented scene."


===== <u>Tools</u> =====
</html>
Two tools are featured on this website: the sortable catalog and the comparison tool. The '''sortable catalog''' allows users to filter and sort the catalog of illustrations and then inspect many images at one, while the '''comparison tool''' can be used to compare different (sets of) illustrations side by side.
[[File:ExampleComparison1.png|center|frame|800px|Generating the First Slideshow]]
<html>


====== <u>Sortable Catalog</u> ======
    <p>The same steps are repeated to create a slideshow containing the illustrations of the king and the duke by Alexander Harder:</p>
The [[Catalog|sortable catalog]] is an interactive data table containing all illustrations and their descriptions. The entries can be filtered and sorted using the cells in the top row of the table. Multiple queries can be combined as shown in the example below.


First, the search term "scn" is used to find all illustrations that include the tag "-scn" for "scenery":
</html>
[[File:ExampleCatalog1.png|center|1057x1057px|thumb|Simple Filtering]]
[[File:ExampleComparison2.png|center|frame|800px|Generating the Second Slideshow]]
This search yields 26 illustrations. Now a second tag is entered. Only the illustrations that include the tags "-scn" and "-huck" are displayed.
<html>
[[File:ExampleCatalog2.png|center|1059x1059px|thumb|Combining Two Tags]]


If one is only interested in scenic illustrations featuring Huckleberry Finn by Max Kellerer, the "Illustrator" column can be used to specify the search query.
    <p>As a result, the different depictions of the two scoundrels can be compared side by side:</p>
[[File:ExampleCatalog3.png|center|1057x1057px|thumb|Adding a Third Condition]]


As shown in this example, filtering the table using the cells in the top row applies an intersectional logic. For more advanced logical combinations of search terms, the '''Custom Search Builder''' ("Add Condition") can be used. After combining as many logical conditions and search terms as desired, pressing the button "'''Search'''" in the bottom right corner will also filter the catalog accordingly.
</html>
[[File:ExampleComparison4.png|center|frame|800px|Comparing Illustrations of the King and the Duke by Busoni and Harder]]
<html>


The filtered and sorted images can be inspected by hovering/clicking their IDs or by pressing the button "'''Load Gallery in New Tab'''" which opens a new tab displaying the relevant illustrations.
  </div>
</br></br>
</div>
====== <u>Comparison Tool</u> ======
</html>
Filtering the catalog of the comparison tool works the same as filtering the sortable catalog. Instead of only generating a full-page gallery of the relevant illustrations, the [[Comparison|comparison tool]] also allows users to create two separate slideshows using different sets of illustrations which can then be compared side by side. To showcase the comparison tool's functionality, the '''Custom Search Builder''' is used.
 
The first search query is used to find all illustrations by Rafaello Busoni, that feature the king, the duke or both. Pressing the '''Search''' button filters the table and the button '''Generate Slideshow''' is used to populate the gallery.
[[File:ExampleComparison1.png|center|thumb|1055x1055px|Generating the First Slideshow]]
The same steps are repeated to create a slideshow that contains the illustrations of the king and the duke by Alexander Harder.
[[File:ExampleComparison2.png|center|thumb|1054x1054px|Generating the Second Slideshow]]
As a result, the different depictions of the two scoundrels can be compared side by side:
[[File:ExampleComparison4.png|center|thumb|729x729px|Comparing Illustrations of the King and the Duke by Busoni and Harder]]

Latest revision as of 19:31, 11 May 2026

Working with the Database


Browsing the collection for a first impression works best by visiting the overview page and then either leafing through one edition at a time or approaching multiple editions chapter by chapter. Knowledge of the tags and abbreviations is helpful but not required for this approach.

For specific search queries, the sortable catalog or the comparison tool can be used. We highly recommend reading the paragraphs below before using those tools. Knowing what the image descriptions contain, what the abbreviations stand for, and what the different tools are capable of helps unlock the full potential of the research tools provided on this website.

Image Descriptions

Each picture uploaded to this database contains the following information:

Title – In some editions the illustrations include a title. If no title was added by the publisher, we either assigned a descriptive title or, when applicable, used a title from an older illustration that bears resemblance to the illustration in question.

ID – For structuring purposes, each image was assigned a shorthand ID consisting of the illustrator's name, the year, the chapter, and the illustration number. (see: IDs)

Book – The (German) title of the publication the illustration appears in.

Year – The year of publication.

Illustrator – "Last name, first name" of the illustrator.

Original Chapter and Chapter in this Edition – Sometimes, the chapter numbering in the German translations differs from the original edition. "Original chapter" refers to the structure of the 1884/1885 release of the novel and places the illustrated event within its corresponding chapter. "Chapter in this Edition" reflects the chapter numbering used in the German translation.

Illustration Number – Since chapters can include multiple illustrations, they are numbered in chronological order.

Tags – The contents of the illustrations are tagged and added to the description. (see: Tags)

Examples

In the catalog:

Image Description in Catalog

When inspecting a file:

Image Description on File Page

Abbreviations

This section explains the different abbreviations used in IDs and tags on this webpage. They are especially helpful when working with the sortable catalog or the comparison tool to quickly filter the illustrations.

IDs

IDs are unique identifiers and use the following structure:

work_year_illustrator_originalchapter_illustrationnumber

For example:

hf_1920_hir_ch043_ill1

which would translate to:

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn / 1920 / Hirth, Edouard / Chapter 43 / Illustration #1

The following abbreviations were used in IDs to designate the different illustrators:

kmbKemble, Edward W.
schrSchrödter, H. / Schroedter, H.
hirHirth, Edouard
triTrier, Walter
kelKellerer, Max
harHarder-Khasán, Alexander
busBusoni, Rafaello
bebBebié, Irma Anita

Chapter numbers in the ID-string always consist of three digits and include a leading zero. Thus, chapters 1 through 9 are referred to as 00x and chapters 10 through 43 as 0xx. Illustrations that were not part of any chapter but appeared on covers, dustjackets, flyleaves and the like use the same structure except for "chapter" and "illustration number":

hf_1940_bus_flyleaf

is the ID of the flyleaf in the 1940 translation of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn illustrated by Rafaello Busoni.

Tags

Tags are part of the image description and reflect who or what is seen in the illustration.

Huckleberry Finn:-huck
Jim:-jim
Tom Sawyer:-tom
Pap Finn:-pap
The King:-king
The Duke:-duke
Other Characters:-sdc
Female Characters:-fem
Black Characters (except Jim):-aac


A single person:-1p
Two characters:-2p
Three characters:-3p
Four or more characters:-4p+


An animal:-animal
A scenery:-scn
A boat:-boat


Drawing:-drawing
Grayscale:-grayscale
Color:-color

In cases where illustrations show events which were not part of the original story, the tag -inv is used to signal an "invented scene."

Tools

Two tools are featured on this website: the sortable catalog and the comparison tool. The sortable catalog allows users to filter and sort the catalog of illustrations and then inspect many images at once, while the comparison tool can be used to compare different sets of illustrations side by side.

Sortable Catalog

The sortable catalog is an interactive data table containing all illustrations and their descriptions. The entries can be filtered and sorted using the cells in the top row of the table. Multiple queries can be combined as shown in the example below.

First, the search term scn is used to find all illustrations that include the tag -scn for "scenery":

Simple Filtering

This search yields 26 illustrations. Now a second tag is entered. Only the illustrations that include the tags -scn and -huck are displayed:

Combining Two Tags

If one is only interested in scenic illustrations featuring Huckleberry Finn by Max Kellerer, the "Illustrator" column can be used to specify the search query:

Adding a Third Condition

As shown in this example, filtering the table using the cells in the top row applies an intersectional logic. For more advanced logical combinations of search terms, the Custom Search Builder ("Add Condition") can be used. After combining as many logical conditions and search terms as desired, pressing the button "Search" in the bottom right corner will also filter the catalog accordingly.

The filtered and sorted images can be inspected by hovering/clicking their IDs or by pressing the button "Load Gallery in New Tab", which opens a new tab displaying the relevant illustrations.

Comparison Tool

Filtering the catalog of the comparison tool works the same as filtering the sortable catalog. Instead of only generating a full-page gallery of the relevant illustrations, the comparison tool also allows users to create two separate slideshows using different sets of illustrations which can then be compared side by side.

To showcase the comparison tool's functionality, the Custom Search Builder is used. The first search query finds all illustrations by Rafaello Busoni that feature the king, the duke, or both. Pressing the Search button filters the table and the button Generate Slideshow populates the gallery:

Generating the First Slideshow

The same steps are repeated to create a slideshow containing the illustrations of the king and the duke by Alexander Harder:

Generating the Second Slideshow

As a result, the different depictions of the two scoundrels can be compared side by side:

Comparing Illustrations of the King and the Duke by Busoni and Harder

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