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From Illustrations in German Translations of Mark Twain's Works

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     <p class="project-toc__title">Contents</p>
     <p class="project-toc__title">Contents</p>
     <ul>
     <ul>
       <li><a href="#working-with">Working with the Database</a></li>
       <li><a href="#working-with-db">Working with the Database</a></li>
       <li><a href="#project-scope">Project Scope</a></li>
       <li><a href="#image-descriptions">Image Descriptions</a></li>
       <li><a href="#methodological-aims">Methodological Aims</a></li>
       <li><a href="#abbreviations">Abbreviations</a>
      <li><a href="#digital-design">Digital Design and Research Possibilities</a></li>
        <ul>
       <li><a href="#intended-audience">Intended Audience</a></li>
          <li><a href="#ids">IDs</a></li>
      <li><a href="#copyright">Copyright and Licensing Notice</a></li>
          <li><a href="#tags">Tags</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>
       <li><a href="#tools">Tools</a>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#sortable-catalog">Sortable Catalog</a></li>
          <li><a href="#comparison-tool">Comparison Tool</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>
     </ul>
     </ul>
   </nav>
   </nav>


   <!-- Hauptinhalt -->
   <!-- Hauptinhalt -->
   <div class="working-with">
   <div class="project-content">


     <span id="working-with" class="anchor-hidden"></span>
     <span id="working-with-db" class="anchor-hidden"></span>
    <p>Browsing the collection for a first impression works best by visiting the [[Overview|overview page]] and then either leafing through one edition at a time or approaching multiple editions chapter by chapter. Knowledge of the tags and abbreviations is helpful but not required for this approach.


</p>
    <p>Browsing the collection for a first impression works best by visiting the
    <p>For specific search queries, the [[Introduction#Sortable Catalog|sortable catalog]] or the [[Introduction#Comparison Tool|comparison tool]] can be used. We highly recommend reading the paragraphs below before using those tools. Knowing what the image descriptions contain, what the abbreviations stand for and what the different tools are capable of, helps unlock the full potential of the research tools provided on this website. </p>
</html>
 
[[Overview|overview page]]
<html>
and then either leafing through one edition at a time or approaching multiple editions chapter by chapter. Knowledge of the tags and abbreviations is helpful but not required for this approach.</p>


    <h4 id="project-scope">Project Scope</h4>
     <p>For specific search queries, the
     <p>At this stage, the catalog includes</p>
</html>
    <ul>
[[Guide#sortable-catalog|sortable catalog]]
      <li>All illustrations from the first American edition (1885), illustrated by E. W. Kemble</li>
<html>
      <li>All images from the first seven illustrated German-language editions</li>
or the
      <li>Bibliographic data for each edition</li>
</html>
      <li>Image-level metadata (placement, caption, page reference, character constellation, etc.)</li>
[[Guide#comparison-tool|comparison tool]]
      <li>Search and filtering functions to enable comparative research</li>
<html>
    </ul>
can be used. We highly recommend reading the paragraphs below before using those tools. Knowing what the image descriptions contain, what the abbreviations stand for, and what the different tools are capable of helps unlock the full potential of the research tools provided on this website.</p>
    <p>By bringing American and German illustrated editions into a single research environment, the project makes visible patterns of selection, omission, transformation, and reinterpretation across national and cultural contexts.</p>


     <h4 id="methodological-aims">Methodological Aims</h4>
     <h2 id="image-descriptions"><u>Image Descriptions</u></h2>
    <p>This catalog is an archive and a research instrument. Its structure is designed to facilitate a more systematic approach to illustrated fiction and, ultimately, to nineteenth-century book culture more broadly. Rather than treating images as isolated artifacts, the catalog allows users to:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>Trace the distribution of illustrations across narrative episodes</li>
      <li>Compare visualizations of specific characters or scenes across editions</li>
      <li>Analyze recurring visual motifs (e.g., character constellations, scenes of racialized performance, nature scenes, raft scenes, etc.)</li>
      <li>Examine relationships between text, caption, and image placement (in combination with full digital text at archive.org)</li>
      <li>Invite reflection on how illustrations might frame readers' interpretation of key narrative moments.</li>
    </ul>


    <h4 id="digital-design">Digital Design and Research Possibilities</h4>
     <p>Each picture uploaded to this database contains the following information:</p>
     <p>The catalog is hosted in a Wiki environment to encourage transparency, extensibility, and ongoing refinement. Each illustration has its own entry, including:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>A digitized image</li>
      <li>Edition and publication data</li>
      <li>Thematic and character tags</li>
    </ul>
    <p>Users can filter and sort illustrations according to specific research questions, making it possible to move beyond anecdotal analysis toward pattern-based inquiry.</p>
 
    <h4 id="intended-audience">Intended Audience</h4>
    <p>This project is intended for anyone interested in the material and visual history of Mark Twain's novel, but it will be particularly useful for scholars and students working on <i>Huckleberry Finn</i>: including scholars of American literature and culture, book historians and print culture specialists, and researchers in visual culture and illustration studies.</p>


     <h4 id="copyright">Copyright and Licensing Notice</h4>
     <blockquote class="guide-blockquote">
    <p>This wiki is a non-commercial academic research project dedicated to advancing the study of the works of Mark Twain. The project pursues no commercial interests. All images are presented for scholarly and educational purposes.</p>
      <p><strong>Title –</strong> In some editions the illustrations include a title. If no title was added by the publisher, we either assigned a descriptive title or, when applicable, used a title from an older illustration that bears resemblance to the illustration in question.</p>
    <p>Unless otherwise indicated, original texts and original images created by the site operator are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Use is permitted for non-commercial purposes provided appropriate attribution is given. Reproductions of works that are in the public domain remain in the public domain and are identified as such where possible. Illustrations reproduced from historical editions of works by Mark Twain are subject to the copyright status of the respective illustrators. Where copyright protection still exists, all rights remain with the original rights holders. The reproduction of such material on this site serves scholarly and research purposes.</p>
      <p><strong>ID –</strong> For structuring purposes, each image was assigned a shorthand ID consisting of the illustrator's name, the year, the chapter, and the illustration number. (see: <a href="#ids">IDs</a>)</p>
    <p>If you believe that any material published here infringes existing rights, please contact the site operator so that the matter can be examined and, if necessary, remedied.</p>
      <p><strong>Book –</strong> The (German) title of the publication the illustration appears in.</p>
      <p><strong>Year –</strong> The year of publication.</p>
      <p><strong>Illustrator –</strong> "Last name, first name" of the illustrator.</p>
      <p><strong>Original Chapter</strong> and <strong>Chapter in this Edition –</strong> Sometimes, the chapter numbering in the German translations differs from the original edition. "Original chapter" refers to the structure of the 1884/1885 release of the novel and places the illustrated event within its corresponding chapter. "Chapter in this Edition" reflects the chapter numbering used in the German translation.</p>
      <p><strong>Illustration Number –</strong> Since chapters can include multiple illustrations, they are numbered in chronological order.</p>
      <p><strong>Tags –</strong> The contents of the illustrations are tagged and added to the description. (see: <a href="#tags">Tags</a>)</p>
    </blockquote>


  </div>
    <p><strong>Examples</strong></p>


</div>
</html>
</html>


In the [[Catalog|catalog]]:
[[File:ExampleStructure.png|center|frame|800px|Image Description in Catalog]]


When inspecting a file:
[[File:ExampleStructure2.png|center|frame|800px|Image Description on File Page]]


<html>


==== Working with the Database ====
    <h2 id="abbreviations"><u>Abbreviations</u></h2>
Browsing the collection for a first impression works best by visiting the [[Overview|overview page]] and then either leafing through one edition at a time or approaching multiple editions chapter by chapter. Knowledge of the tags and abbreviations is helpful but not required for this approach.


For specific search queries, the [[Introduction#Sortable Catalog|sortable catalog]] or the [[Introduction#Comparison Tool|comparison tool]] can be used. We highly recommend reading the paragraphs below before using those tools. Knowing what the image descriptions contain, what the abbreviations stand for and what the different tools are capable of, helps unlock the full potential of the research tools provided on this website.  
    <p>This section explains the different abbreviations used in IDs and tags on this webpage. They are especially helpful when working with the <a href="#sortable-catalog">sortable catalog</a> or the <a href="#comparison-tool">comparison tool</a> to quickly filter the illustrations.</p>


    <h3 id="ids"><u>IDs</u></h3>


    <p>IDs are unique identifiers and use the following structure:</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote"><code>work_year_illustrator_originalchapter_illustrationnumber</code></blockquote>
    <p>For example:</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote"><code>hf_1920_hir_ch043_ill1</code></blockquote>
    <p>which would translate to:</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote"><i>Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</i> / 1920 / Hirth, Edouard / Chapter 43 / Illustration #1</blockquote>


===== <u>Image Descriptions</u> =====
    <p>The following abbreviations were used in IDs to designate the different illustrators:</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote">
      <table class="guide-abbrev-table">
        <tr><td><code>kmb</code></td><td>Kemble, Edward W.</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>schr</code></td><td>Schrödter, H. / Schroedter, H.</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>hir</code></td><td>Hirth, Edouard</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>tri</code></td><td>Trier, Walter</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>kel</code></td><td>Kellerer, Max</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>har</code></td><td>Harder-Khasán, Alexander</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>bus</code></td><td>Busoni, Rafaello</td></tr>
        <tr><td><code>beb</code></td><td>Bebié, Irma Anita</td></tr>
      </table>
    </blockquote>


</br>Each picture uploaded to this database contains the following information:<blockquote>'''Title -''' In some editions the illustrations include a title. If no title was added by the publisher, we either assigned a descriptive title or, when applicable, used a title from an older illustration that bears resemblence to the illustration in question.  
    <p>Chapter numbers in the ID-string always consist of three digits and include a leading zero. Thus, chapters 1 through 9 are referred to as <code>00x</code> and chapters 10 through 43 as <code>0xx</code>. Illustrations that were not part of any chapter but appeared on covers, dustjackets, flyleaves and the like use the same structure except for "chapter" and "illustration number":</p>
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote"><code>hf_1940_bus_flyleaf</code></blockquote>
    <p>is the ID of the flyleaf in the 1940 translation of <i>Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</i> illustrated by Rafaello Busoni.</p>


'''ID -''' For structuring purposes, each image was assigned a shorthand ID consisting of the illustrators name, the year, the chapter and the illustration number. (see: [[Introduction#IDs|IDs]])
    <h3 id="tags"><u>Tags</u></h3>


'''Book -''' The (German) title of the publication the illustration appears in.  
    <p>Tags are part of the image description and reflect who or what is seen in the illustration.</p>


'''Year -''' The year of publication.
    <blockquote class="guide-blockquote">
      <table class="guide-tag-table">
        <tr><td>Huckleberry Finn:</td><td><code>-huck</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Jim:</td><td><code>-jim</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Tom Sawyer:</td><td><code>-tom</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Pap Finn:</td><td><code>-pap</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>The King:</td><td><code>-king</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>The Duke:</td><td><code>-duke</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Other Characters:</td><td><code>-sdc</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Female Characters:</td><td><code>-fem</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Black Characters (except Jim):</td><td><code>-aac</code></td></tr>
      </table>
      <br>
      <table class="guide-tag-table">
        <tr><td>A single person:</td><td><code>-1p</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Two characters:</td><td><code>-2p</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Three characters:</td><td><code>-3p</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Four or more characters:</td><td><code>-4p+</code></td></tr>
      </table>
      <br>
      <table class="guide-tag-table">
        <tr><td>An animal:</td><td><code>-animal</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>A scenery:</td><td><code>-scn</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>A boat:</td><td><code>-boat</code></td></tr>
      </table>
      <br>
      <table class="guide-tag-table">
        <tr><td>Drawing:</td><td><code>-drawing</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Grayscale:</td><td><code>-grayscale</code></td></tr>
        <tr><td>Color:</td><td><code>-color</code></td></tr>
      </table>
    </blockquote>


'''Illustrator -''' "Last name, first name" of the illustrator.
    <p>In cases where illustrations show events which were not part of the original story, the tag <code>-inv</code> is used to signal an "invented scene."</p>


'''Original Chapter''' and '''Chapter in this Edition -''' Sometimes, the chapter numbering in the German translations differs from the original edition. "Original chapter" refers to the structure of the 1884/1885 release of the novel and places the illustrated event within its corresponding chapter. "Chapter in this Edition" reflects the chapter numbering used in the German translation.
    <h2 id="tools"><u>Tools</u></h2>


'''Illustration Number -'''  Since chapters can include multiple illustrations, they are numbered in chronological order.  
    <p>Two tools are featured on this website: the sortable catalog and the comparison tool. The <strong>sortable catalog</strong> allows users to filter and sort the catalog of illustrations and then inspect many images at once, while the <strong>comparison tool</strong> can be used to compare different sets of illustrations side by side.</p>


'''Tags''' '''-''' The contents of the illustrations are tagged and added to the description. (see: [[Introduction#Tags|Tags]])</blockquote>
    <h3 id="sortable-catalog"><u>Sortable Catalog</u></h3>


'''Examples'''
    <p>The
</html>
[[Catalog|sortable catalog]]
<html>
is an interactive data table containing all illustrations and their descriptions. The entries can be filtered and sorted using the cells in the top row of the table. Multiple queries can be combined as shown in the example below.</p>


In the [[catalog]]:
    <p>First, the search term <code>scn</code> is used to find all illustrations that include the tag <code>-scn</code> for "scenery":</p>
[[File:ExampleStructure.png|center|frame|Image Description in Catalog]]
</br>When inspecting a file:
[[File:ExampleStructure2.png|center|thumb|534x534px|Image Description on File Page]]


</html>
[[File:ExampleCatalog1.png|center|frame|800px|Simple Filtering]]
<html>


===== <u>Abbreviations</u> =====
    <p>This search yields 26 illustrations. Now a second tag is entered. Only the illustrations that include the tags <code>-scn</code> and <code>-huck</code> are displayed:</p>
This section explains the different abbreviations used in IDs and tags on this webpage. They are especially helpful, when working with the [[Introduction#Sortable Catalog|sortable catalog]] or the [[Introduction#Comparison Tool|comparison tool]] to quickly filter the illustrations.
</br>
====== <u>IDs</u> ======
IDs are uniquie identifiers and use the following structure:<blockquote>work_year_illustrator_originalchapter_illustrationnumber</blockquote>
For example  <blockquote>
"hf_1920_hir_ch043_ill1"  </blockquote>
which would translate to <blockquote>
"''Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' / 1920 / Hirth, Edouard / Chapter 43 / Illustration # 1" </blockquote>


The following abbreviations were used in IDs to designate the different illustrators: <blockquote>
</html>
[[File:ExampleCatalog2.png|center|frame|800px|Combining Two Tags]]
<html>


kmb - Kemble, Edward W.
    <p>If one is only interested in scenic illustrations featuring Huckleberry Finn by Max Kellerer, the "Illustrator" column can be used to specify the search query:</p>


schr - Schrödter, H. / Schroedter, H.  
</html>
[[File:ExampleCatalog3.png|center|frame|800px|Adding a Third Condition]]
<html>


hir - Hirth, Edouard
    <p>As shown in this example, filtering the table using the cells in the top row applies an intersectional logic. For more advanced logical combinations of search terms, the <strong>Custom Search Builder</strong> ("Add Condition") can be used. After combining as many logical conditions and search terms as desired, pressing the button "<strong>Search</strong>" in the bottom right corner will also filter the catalog accordingly.</p>


tri - Trier, Walter
    <p>The filtered and sorted images can be inspected by hovering/clicking their IDs or by pressing the button "<strong>Load Gallery in New Tab</strong>", which opens a new tab displaying the relevant illustrations.</p>


kel - Kellerer, Max
    <h3 id="comparison-tool"><u>Comparison Tool</u></h3>


har - Harder-Khasán, Alexander
    <p>Filtering the catalog of the comparison tool works the same as filtering the sortable catalog. Instead of only generating a full-page gallery of the relevant illustrations, the
</html>
[[Comparison|comparison tool]]
<html>
also allows users to create two separate slideshows using different sets of illustrations which can then be compared side by side.</p>


bus - Busoni, Rafaello
    <p>To showcase the comparison tool's functionality, the <strong>Custom Search Builder</strong> is used. The first search query finds all illustrations by Rafaello Busoni that feature the king, the duke, or both. Pressing the <strong>Search</strong> button filters the table and the button <strong>Generate Slideshow</strong> populates the gallery:</p>


beb - Bebié, Irma Anita 
</html>
</blockquote>Chapter numbers in the ID-string always consist of three numbers and include a leading zero. Thus, chapters 1 through 9 are referred to as "00x" and chapters 10 through 43 are "0xx". Illustrations that were not part of any chapter but appeard on covers, dustjackets, flyleaves and the likes use the same structure as above except for "chapter" and "illustration number":<blockquote>"hf_1940_bus_flyleaf" </blockquote>is the ID of the flyleaf in the 1940 translation of ''Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' illustrated by Rafaello Busoni.
[[File:ExampleComparison1.png|center|frame|800px|Generating the First Slideshow]]
</br></br>
<html>
======  <u>Tags</u> ======
Tags are part of the image description and reflect who or what is seen in the illustration.  <blockquote>Huckleberry Finn: -'''huck'''


Jim: -'''jim'''
    <p>The same steps are repeated to create a slideshow containing the illustrations of the king and the duke by Alexander Harder:</p>


Tom Sawyer: -'''tom'''
</html>
[[File:ExampleComparison2.png|center|frame|800px|Generating the Second Slideshow]]
<html>


Pap Finn: -'''pap'''
    <p>As a result, the different depictions of the two scoundrels can be compared side by side:</p>


The King: -'''king'''
</html>
[[File:ExampleComparison4.png|center|frame|800px|Comparing Illustrations of the King and the Duke by Busoni and Harder]]
<html>


The Duke: -'''duke'''
  </div>
 
</div>
Other Characters: -'''sdc'''
</html>
 
Female Characters: -'''fem'''
 
Black Characters (except Jim): -'''aac'''
<br><br>
A single person: -'''1p'''
 
Two characters: -'''2p'''
 
Three characters: -'''3p'''
 
Four or more characters: -'''4p+'''
<br><br>
An animal: -'''animal'''
 
A scenery: -'''scn'''
<br>
A boat: -'''boat'''
</blockquote>Tags were also used to differentiate between drawings, gray-scale images and colored illustrations.<blockquote>-'''drawing'''
 
-'''grayscale'''
 
-'''color'''
</blockquote>In cases where ilustrations show events which were not part of the original story, the tag "-'''inv'''" is used to signal an "invented scene."
 
===== <u>Tools</u> =====
Two tools are featured on this website: the sortable catalog and the comparison tool. The '''sortable catalog''' allows users to filter and sort the catalog of illustrations and then inspect many images at one, while the '''comparison tool''' can be used to compare different (sets of) illustrations side by side.
 
====== <u>Sortable Catalog</u> ======
The [[Catalog|sortable catalog]] is an interactive data table containing all illustrations and their descriptions. The entries can be filtered and sorted using the cells in the top row of the table. Multiple queries can be combined as shown in the example below.
 
First, the search term "scn" is used to find all illustrations that include the tag "-scn" for "scenery":
[[File:ExampleCatalog1.png|center|1057x1057px|thumb|Simple Filtering]]
This search yields 26 illustrations. Now a second tag is entered. Only the illustrations that include the tags "-scn" and "-huck" are displayed.
[[File:ExampleCatalog2.png|center|1059x1059px|thumb|Combining Two Tags]]
 
If one is only interested in scenic illustrations featuring Huckleberry Finn by Max Kellerer, the "Illustrator" column can be used to specify the search query.
[[File:ExampleCatalog3.png|center|1057x1057px|thumb|Adding a Third Condition]]
 
As shown in this example, filtering the table using the cells in the top row applies an intersectional logic. For more advanced logical combinations of search terms, the '''Custom Search Builder''' ("Add Condition") can be used. After combining as many logical conditions and search terms as desired, pressing the button "'''Search'''" in the bottom right corner will also filter the catalog accordingly.
 
The filtered and sorted images can be inspected by hovering/clicking their IDs or by pressing the button "'''Load Gallery in New Tab'''" which opens a new tab displaying the relevant illustrations.
</br></br>
====== <u>Comparison Tool</u> ======
Filtering the catalog of the comparison tool works the same as filtering the sortable catalog. Instead of only generating a full-page gallery of the relevant illustrations, the [[Comparison|comparison tool]] also allows users to create two separate slideshows using different sets of illustrations which can then be compared side by side. To showcase the comparison tool's functionality, the '''Custom Search Builder''' is used.
 
The first search query is used to find all illustrations by Rafaello Busoni, that feature the king, the duke or both. Pressing the '''Search''' button filters the table and the button '''Generate Slideshow''' is used to populate the gallery.
[[File:ExampleComparison1.png|center|thumb|1055x1055px|Generating the First Slideshow]]
The same steps are repeated to create a slideshow that contains the illustrations of the king and the duke by Alexander Harder.
[[File:ExampleComparison2.png|center|thumb|1054x1054px|Generating the Second Slideshow]]
As a result, the different depictions of the two scoundrels can be compared side by side:
[[File:ExampleComparison4.png|center|thumb|729x729px|Comparing Illustrations of the King and the Duke by Busoni and Harder]]

Revision as of 19:22, 11 May 2026

Working with the Database


Browsing the collection for a first impression works best by visiting the overview page and then either leafing through one edition at a time or approaching multiple editions chapter by chapter. Knowledge of the tags and abbreviations is helpful but not required for this approach.

For specific search queries, the sortable catalog or the comparison tool can be used. We highly recommend reading the paragraphs below before using those tools. Knowing what the image descriptions contain, what the abbreviations stand for, and what the different tools are capable of helps unlock the full potential of the research tools provided on this website.

Image Descriptions

Each picture uploaded to this database contains the following information:

Title – In some editions the illustrations include a title. If no title was added by the publisher, we either assigned a descriptive title or, when applicable, used a title from an older illustration that bears resemblance to the illustration in question.

ID – For structuring purposes, each image was assigned a shorthand ID consisting of the illustrator's name, the year, the chapter, and the illustration number. (see: IDs)

Book – The (German) title of the publication the illustration appears in.

Year – The year of publication.

Illustrator – "Last name, first name" of the illustrator.

Original Chapter and Chapter in this Edition – Sometimes, the chapter numbering in the German translations differs from the original edition. "Original chapter" refers to the structure of the 1884/1885 release of the novel and places the illustrated event within its corresponding chapter. "Chapter in this Edition" reflects the chapter numbering used in the German translation.

Illustration Number – Since chapters can include multiple illustrations, they are numbered in chronological order.

Tags – The contents of the illustrations are tagged and added to the description. (see: Tags)

Examples

In the catalog:

Image Description in Catalog

When inspecting a file:

Image Description on File Page

Abbreviations

This section explains the different abbreviations used in IDs and tags on this webpage. They are especially helpful when working with the sortable catalog or the comparison tool to quickly filter the illustrations.

IDs

IDs are unique identifiers and use the following structure:

work_year_illustrator_originalchapter_illustrationnumber

For example:

hf_1920_hir_ch043_ill1

which would translate to:

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn / 1920 / Hirth, Edouard / Chapter 43 / Illustration #1

The following abbreviations were used in IDs to designate the different illustrators:

kmbKemble, Edward W.
schrSchrödter, H. / Schroedter, H.
hirHirth, Edouard
triTrier, Walter
kelKellerer, Max
harHarder-Khasán, Alexander
busBusoni, Rafaello
bebBebié, Irma Anita

Chapter numbers in the ID-string always consist of three digits and include a leading zero. Thus, chapters 1 through 9 are referred to as 00x and chapters 10 through 43 as 0xx. Illustrations that were not part of any chapter but appeared on covers, dustjackets, flyleaves and the like use the same structure except for "chapter" and "illustration number":

hf_1940_bus_flyleaf

is the ID of the flyleaf in the 1940 translation of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn illustrated by Rafaello Busoni.

Tags

Tags are part of the image description and reflect who or what is seen in the illustration.

Huckleberry Finn:-huck
Jim:-jim
Tom Sawyer:-tom
Pap Finn:-pap
The King:-king
The Duke:-duke
Other Characters:-sdc
Female Characters:-fem
Black Characters (except Jim):-aac


A single person:-1p
Two characters:-2p
Three characters:-3p
Four or more characters:-4p+


An animal:-animal
A scenery:-scn
A boat:-boat


Drawing:-drawing
Grayscale:-grayscale
Color:-color

In cases where illustrations show events which were not part of the original story, the tag -inv is used to signal an "invented scene."

Tools

Two tools are featured on this website: the sortable catalog and the comparison tool. The sortable catalog allows users to filter and sort the catalog of illustrations and then inspect many images at once, while the comparison tool can be used to compare different sets of illustrations side by side.

Sortable Catalog

The sortable catalog is an interactive data table containing all illustrations and their descriptions. The entries can be filtered and sorted using the cells in the top row of the table. Multiple queries can be combined as shown in the example below.

First, the search term scn is used to find all illustrations that include the tag -scn for "scenery":

Simple Filtering

This search yields 26 illustrations. Now a second tag is entered. Only the illustrations that include the tags -scn and -huck are displayed:

Combining Two Tags

If one is only interested in scenic illustrations featuring Huckleberry Finn by Max Kellerer, the "Illustrator" column can be used to specify the search query:

Adding a Third Condition

As shown in this example, filtering the table using the cells in the top row applies an intersectional logic. For more advanced logical combinations of search terms, the Custom Search Builder ("Add Condition") can be used. After combining as many logical conditions and search terms as desired, pressing the button "Search" in the bottom right corner will also filter the catalog accordingly.

The filtered and sorted images can be inspected by hovering/clicking their IDs or by pressing the button "Load Gallery in New Tab", which opens a new tab displaying the relevant illustrations.

Comparison Tool

Filtering the catalog of the comparison tool works the same as filtering the sortable catalog. Instead of only generating a full-page gallery of the relevant illustrations, the comparison tool also allows users to create two separate slideshows using different sets of illustrations which can then be compared side by side.

To showcase the comparison tool's functionality, the Custom Search Builder is used. The first search query finds all illustrations by Rafaello Busoni that feature the king, the duke, or both. Pressing the Search button filters the table and the button Generate Slideshow populates the gallery:

Generating the First Slideshow

The same steps are repeated to create a slideshow containing the illustrations of the king and the duke by Alexander Harder:

Generating the Second Slideshow

As a result, the different depictions of the two scoundrels can be compared side by side:

Comparing Illustrations of the King and the Duke by Busoni and Harder

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